Gum issues are often an overlooked but fairly common symptom during the menopause.
The hormonal changes, particularly the drop in estrogen and progesterone, can affect oral health in a few different ways, here’s what to look out for:
Gum Sensitivity and inflammation (Menopausal Gingivostomatitis))
- Gums may appear red, swollen or shiny and can feel tender or sore
- Some women can experience light bleeding from the gums, even when brushing lightly
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
- Reduced saliva can lead to a dry mouth, increasing the risk of tooth decay, bad breath and gum disease
Burning mouth syndrome
- Some women report a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lips or tongue
Receding gums
- Hormonal changes can weaken the tissue and bone around the teeth making gums more likely to recede which could then expose the root of the tooth and increase sensitivity
Altered taste
- Some women notice changes in their sense of taste, particularly a metallic or salty taste
Why the changes?
During the menopause the declining levels of estrogen and progesterone have a significant impact on oral health. Estrogen helps to maintain the strength and elasticity of gum tissue, and as the levels drop, gums can become more vulnerable to inflammation, sensitivity and infection. This hormonal shift also affects the blood supply to the mouth and the body’s ability to respond to plaque buildup, which can increase the risk of gum diseases. Additionally, the change in hormone levels can alter the balance of bacteria in the mouth, leading to more harmful microbes that further compromise oral health.
Once your estrogen levels drop this will then have an effect on your collagen production which can lead to weaker, thinner and more fragile gum tissue. This will make the gums more prone to recession, inflammation and slower healing after an irritation or injury. Collagen loss can also affect the jawbone supporting the teeth. Reduced bone density can increase the risk of tooth mobility or even tooth loss if gum disease is present.
Along with regular dental check-ups, the following strategies can help to keep our teeth and gums healthy:
Consider HRT to help support fluctuating hormone levels.
Manage stress Using techniques such as relaxation exercises, mediation and yoga to help alleviate some menopausal symptoms.
Maintain your oral hygiene by brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Flossing daily can help too.
Staying hydrated can help to stimulate the flow of saliva and help eliminate any built up food helping to avoid the build up of plaque.
Use a gentle toothpaste and oral care products to help manage sensitivity and limit irritation.
Avoid foods high in sugar and mouthwashes that contain alcohol as these can exacerbate a dry mouth.
Make sure you get enough calcium from your diet, and consider taking a Vitamin D supplement to keep your teeth and bones strong.
Think about quitting smoking and reducing your alcohol consumption as this can help to reduce your risk of osteoperosis. Both smoking and heavy drinking can impact our bone and oral health by damaging bone-building cells.
